Because of this, not only will a gas conform to the shape of its container, it will also expand to completely fill the container. Gas molecules have either very weak bonds or no bonds at all, so they can move freely and quickly. This process of a liquid changing to a gas is called evaporation. The highest temperature at which a particular liquid can exist is called its critical temperature.Ī liquid can be converted to a gas through heating at constant pressure to the substance's boiling point or through reduction of pressure at constant temperature. Its volume is usually greater than that of its corresponding solid (water is a well-known exception to this rule). This means that a liquid is not definite in shape but rather conforms to the shape of its container. Intermolecular (or interatomic or interionic) forces are still important, but the molecules have enough energy to move around, which makes the structure mobile. When a solid is heated above its melting point, it becomes liquid because the pressure is higher than the triple point of the substance. The volume is definite (does not change) if the temperature and pressure are constant. A solid can also change directly into a gas through a process called sublimation.Ī liquid is a fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but that retains a nearly constant volume independent of pressure. Ice has fifteen known crystal structures, each of which exists at a different temperature and pressure.Ī solid can transform into a liquid through melting, and a liquid can transform into a solid through freezing. For example, iron has a body-centered cubic structure at temperatures below 912 ☌ and a face-centered cubic structure between 9 ☌. There are many different crystal structures, and the same substance can have more than one structure. In crystalline solids, particles are packed in a regularly ordered, repeating pattern. Solids can only change shape under force, as when broken or cut. As a result, a solid has a stable, definite shape and a definite volume. The forces between the particles are strong enough that the particles cannot move freely they can only vibrate. SolidsĪ solid's particles are packed closely together. The states of matter: This diagram shows the nomenclature for the different phase transitions. Each of these three classical states of matter can transition directly into either of the other two classical states. Solid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume and shape liquid is the state in which matter adapts to the shape of its container but varies only slightly in volume and gas is the state in which matter expands to occupy the volume and shape of its container. Historically, the states of matter were distinguished based on qualitative differences in their bulk properties. Much of the atomic matter of the universe is hot plasma in the form of rarefied interstellar medium and dense stars. Further states, such as quark-gluon plasmas, are also believed to be possible. In extreme environments, other states may be present, such as plasma, Bose-Einstein condensates, and neutron stars. The three states of matter are the three distinct physical forms that matter can take in most environments: solid, liquid, and gas. solid: A substance that retains its size and shape without a container a substance whose molecules cannot move freely except to vibrate.gas: A substance that can only be contained if it is fully surrounded by a container (or held together by gravitational pull) a substance whose molecules have negligible intermolecular interactions and can move freely.It takes the shape of its container but maintains constant volume. liquid: A substance that flows and keeps no definite shape because its molecules are loosely packed and constantly moving.Gaseous matter is composed of particles packed so loosely that it has neither a defined shape nor a defined volume.Particles can move about within a liquid, but they are packed densely enough that volume is maintained. Liquid matter is made of more loosely packed particles. A solid will retain its shape the particles are not free to move around. Solid matter is composed of tightly packed particles.Matter can exist in one of three main states: solid, liquid, or gas.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |